Window



arch 16, 1948. R. w. ElslNG'ER WINDOW Filed April 1, l1943 .3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. RMEISINGER M /l .1f rif.: w

ATTORNEYS Illlllll March 16, 1948.l R: w, ElslNGER 2,437,730

WINDOW Filed April 1, 1943 3 sheets-sheet 2 :li-ff l -v I ATT ORNEYS March 16, 1948. R, w, ElslNGER 2,437,730

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RWIS-INGER ATTORNEYS Patented i6, i948 WINDOW RogerW.`Eisinger, Washington, D. C.

Application April A1, 1943, SerialiNon481475 V1'0 Claims. (UL20-42) This invention relates to windows with frames and sash parts formed of wood, metal, plastics or other suitable material, and particularly .to windows for dwellings, hospitals, nurserieazo'fhces, barracks, temporary buildings andthe like.

It is the general object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved glazed window of extremely simple construction and operation, which uses a iirnum of lumber or other materials and which can constructed without the use of any critical hardware except a few fastening elements, even these can be eliminated by the use of waterproof glue.

One of the principal purposes of my invention is to provide a window at low cost and offering the advantages of minimum material, improved ventilation, draft eliminaton, simplicity of construction, ease of installation and operation, improved vision and facility for cleaning andscreening.

An important object of the invention consists in the provision of a window of simplified form and construction and including a center sash 'of half frame height more or less, together withtop and bottom sash each of quarter frame height more or less and normally positioned, when closed., in the same plane with the center sash, provision being made for adjusting the center sash if desired and either or both small sash to varying degrees of overlap with the larger sash whereby simultaneous or independent top and bottomventilation may be obtained. v

Another important object of the invention consists in the provision of a small bottom sash adapted to be normally positioned in the planeof the center sash, having a cooperatingT wind and weather .stop with the sill providing a pivotiabout 1: nich the sash can be tilted inwardly `attire top to act as a ventilator, provision being also made whereby this sash can be liitedin a plane parallel to the center sash to adjustedoverlappingpositions therewith.

An important feature of the invention resides in the provision, on the movable sash, of laterally slidable members capable of being manually positioned in vertical grooves in the frame to provide weather stops when the sash is closed, to wedge the sash against the outer or blind 'stop and which may also serve to position the sash vin tilted ventilator or lifted positions in respect to the frame.

Other and further objects and 'features `of the invention will be more apparent to those skilled in the art upon a, consideration of the accompanying drawings and following specication, wherein are disclosed several exemplary embodiments of the invention, it being understood that such changes in and combinations of the various embodiments may he made as fall within 'the scope vlarged scale, taken on .line 12-2 Aof Fig. A1 and .showing .the Asash in .the .closed .position .inisol'id lines and in= dotted .linesillustrating 1 the .movable sashfin partially opened positions.

Fig. T3 'is a vfragmentary horizontal .section 4throughone .side :railof the .center sash .anda

portion of .the .frameitakenion the line -3-3 fin Fiel;

Fig. v"l: .is a .view similar to -'ig...3,on .-anen- 4larged scaleand sectioned on lined-4 of :Figi

throughtheuppermovable sash Fig. '5..is a vewsimilarito Fig. 4 huttakenrm .line .5--5 .of Fig. l and .illustrating the .upper imovable sash with its AaltiLluster shown .locking .the

same inclosedpos'ition; Y

Fig. 6 .is afragmentary section similar `to Fig. 4 but showingamodied weather stop;

Fig. 7 is .a .view -similar .to Fig. 6 `showinga further modi'cation vin the adjustable weather stop;

Fig..8 'is a v'fragnientary vertical section oi .a modie'cl construction showing 'the manner rin which the adjustable weather stop on the lower sash serves vto hold the ,same several Yaillistable Ventilating positions;

Fig. 9 is .a 'View similar 4to Fig. "8 'but showing 'the lowersash completely removed to illustrate "the grooves for receiving the weather stop;

Fig. lll'is a vertical `section 'through a 'modified 'form 'of windowsh'owing the'bottom sash closed, and, in dotted linespartially raised 'toillustrate a construction of 'weather stop serving :also .the function of holding thewinclow "in'adjusted open positions; A

Fig. l11 Vis a 4'front elevation :of afragment :of the right 'side 'of Vthe Vwindow Aor Fig. lO'WlthLthe frame in section Yin'theplan'e'of the weather stop groove;

Fig. l2 isa-fragmentary `perspective view illustrating the Vcombined weather stop and adjustable `positioning 'means of Figs. 10 and 11'; and

Fig. -13 is a fragmentary'horizontalsection on 'broken line f3-l3 of Fig. 1l.

At :the-present time there is as'er'ious threatened'shortage of suitable windows for wartirrie construction lof low cost housing, temporaryoice l and military buildings, hospitals, vnurseries land the like,ithegprimary cause being'the'lackof-critical metals for hardware-sashweights and-simi- -lar accessories. AA careful 'study lof the problem of Lmeeting the Vshortage indicates a requirement for extreme simplification of window structures for the purposes enumerated, which will not only eliminate the need for hardware but which will reduce the demand for labor for installation and lumber or other materials for construction, both of which are also scarce. In the solving of the problem a Window has been provided which makes use of a simple plank frame adapted for brick, masonry or frame structures and which requires a minimum oi mill work for its construction and assembly.

The window may be said to diier materially with the utmost simplicity. The inside trim is preferably of the simple sanitary mold type comprising side members 22 and a top member 23 mitered together at the corners as shown. The sill member I'I is somewhat wider than the overall width of the trim and receives an apron 24 extending beneath the square lower ends of the side trim members 22.

from the conventional double hung windows or easement windows in that it is composed of three independent sash, one above the othergall in the same plane when closed, and in which the center sash is preferably fixed and of a height equivalent to onehaii more or less of the frame height. All of the sash are preferably glazed with a single pane, thus providing a large central picture window uninterrupted in the line of sight by the conventional meeting rails of the double hung window. The top and bottom sash are each of onefourth frame height more or less so that when opened by overlapping the center sash, an area of one-half of the frame opening is exposed for ventilation, thereby achieving equally as good results in ventilation area as the double hung window. Since the open area, however, is divided into two portions, one at the very bottom and the other at the very top, ventilation is materially improved. Moreover, either the top or the bottom section alone can be opened to any desired degree. In addition, the bottom sash is arranged so that it can maintain its position on the sill while its top is tilted inwardly to various adjusted positions, whereby it acts as a ventilator, permitting an opening of varying size with substantially a zero component of vertical height so that any air entering is deilected upwardly and is not annoying to the occupants of the room and will not blow papers and other light objects from furniture at approximately the height of the sill.

The top and bottom sash can be completely removed, when desired, to facilitate their cleaning, leaving the center sash in xed position with the outside accessible for cleaning through the openings left by the removal of the small sash.

Referring now to the drawings, for a better understanding of the invention it will be seen that the window includes three sash I0, II and I2, each glazed with a single pane, the rst and third of which are approximately of one-quarter height of the frame opening, while the second is one-half of the frame height. The sash are made in any desired style with suitable top, bottom and side rails, but because of the relatively small size of the movable parts and the preferred iixed condition of the main portion can be made of lighter lumber than is conventional and yet be subject to no more distortion or warping.

The frame is of the simplest possible construction and may be conveniently termed a plank" frame, comprising a flat top member I5, flat side member I8, and a simple sill member I'I of somewhat heavier lumber, downwardly sloped for water drainage from a line at the intersection of the inner plane of the sash frame to the outer edge. Inside of the sash the sill may be planed off until it is substantially level as at I8 to act as a substitute for the usual stool. The top and side members of the frame are of the same width, an amount equivalent to the thickness of the studs I9, sheathing 2li, lath and plaster.2l, in a conventional frame structure into which they iit As seen in Fig. 4 each side member I6 is beaded on its outer edge as at 25 to receive and form a water tight connection with an outside frame member 26 of small size and simple form against which the clapboard 21 abuts as seen in Fig. 2.

The inner edge of the frame at the outside of the window is rebated as at 28 to receive the blind or outside stop 30 in the form of a rectangular strip of conventional construction arranged to be overlapped by the outside frame 2G as clearly seen. All three sash members, when closed, bear closely against this outside stop whereby .they are rendered relatively weathertight.

As seen in Fig. 3 the side rail 3l of the center sash has its inner face engaged by the parting stop 32 shown as fitted in a groove 33, not greater in vertical height than the length of the center sash and held in position by several nnishing nails 34. This parting stop is relatively thin as seen in Fig. 3, for reasons to be later explained. Any appropriate means is used to fix the center sash against vertical movement. A suitable inside stop or mold 35 is shown in Figs. 2 and 4 slightly overlapping the inner edge of the trim members 22 and 23. It is spaced from the parting stop by a distance equivalent to slightly more than the thickness of the side rail of the sash and it forms with the parting stop slide troughs for the upper and lower sash which are drawn into this space before being adjusted vertically for opening the window. When the top and/or vbottom sash are in one of the grooves, space is provided for sliding the main sash in its original plane. The width between frames in the plane of the grooves is greater than the plane of the sash, when closed to provide added clearance for ease in sliding (see Figs. 4 and 5).

The bottom rail 4U of the bottom sash is grooved centrally of its width in the form of an inverted U 4I, as clearly seen in Fig. 2, in order to fit over a tongue or strip 42 suitably attached to the sill I'I either by being rebated into the same or attached by nails or the like. The strip forms a relatively -close t to the walls of the groove to provide a wind and weather stop and the tongue may be formed in the peculiar shape shown in the figure to have a reentrant outer side serving to return any water which might be blown up toward its top so it will drain off. This connection between the bottom sash and sill serves as a pivot about which the bottom rail of the bottom sash may swing when the sash is tilted inwardly at the top in the manner illustrated in dotted lines at 44. The sash may assume any one of a number of positions inclined to the vertical with the top drawn in, the sides maintaining a close t with the frame.

To permit separation of the top rail of the botto-m sash from the bottom rail of the center sash the two are molded as shown at 46 and to further increase the weather tightness here, a batten 41 may be secured to the lower rail of the center sash to overlap the joint as clearly illustrated. The molding line between the two sash rails is generally inclined to the horizontal so that no difficulty is experienced in swinging the :ehem-eso sash inwardly for ventilation purposes. :In Aorder thatit may assume asubstantial angle, Ysay 30 of the vertical, e, portion of the inner stop or molding 35 is cut away Vas at 37 with the out vbeing on'a sharpbevel as at 38 serving toforce the upper end of the sash inwardly when it is lifted as will be later described. A portion 35' ofthe inner stop is left in position at the bottom an-d provided with a beveled uppervface 39 which forms aston to limit the amount ofzinward movement of the `sash vwhen it acts asa ventilator.

When it is desired to open the bottom sash by straight upward lift the upper end is drawn inward slightly to clear the center sash and then the whole sash is lifted upward when it willslide in the groove between the Vparting stop 32 and the inner stop 36.

The upper sash is slightly less in vertical height than the distance .between the top rail of the fixed sash and the top of the frame in order to leave a space d@ whereby the sash may be lifted prior to being swung inwardly to slide in the same groove occupied by the lower sash when raised. This upper sash may be termed a jump sash because of the manner in which it is lifted and then drawn in at the bottom. It is preferred to provide a watertight connection between the bottom rail of the top sash and the top rail of the middle sash, and a tongue and groove arrangement as shown at 52 is suitable for the purpose, augmented by a hatten 53 secured to the 'lower rail of the top sash as described in ccnnection with the .junction of the lower rail of the middle sash and the upper rail of the bottom sash The space 5d must be greater in vertical height than the amount of overlap of the batten 53 below the junction line.

A simple mechanism is preferred for holding both the upper and lower sash in their adjusted overlapping relation with the fixed center sash and for holding the center sash if the same is arranged to be adjusted. The conventional transom pin 55, such as clearly illustrated in section in Fig. 5 forms a convenient `device for the purpose. This is a `conventional piece of hardware and need not be described in detail. The sleeve 5S is secured in each side rail of themovable sash at a convenient location whereby the handles 51 are available for both releasing the pins and manipulating the sash. Suitable rows of holes 58 are arranged in the sides of the frame 'to accommodate the tips E3 of the pin, whereby the sash can be locked in any one of a number of ldesired, positions variously overlapping the Xed center sash. IThe pins also serve to lock the sash in their closed positions. Obviously plain wooden dowels, loosely tted, may be substituted for the metal transom pins.

In connection with the bottom sash, the described looking pins not only provide for holding the sash in overlapping relation to the center sash, but by virtue of an arcuately spaced series of holes 'Eil provides for adjustment in the ventilator positions of the sash.

When raising the upper sash to close the same or lowering the lower sash for the same purpose, itis convenient to have the arcuate guide blocks El and S2 arranged respectively in the top and bottom of the rgrooves in which the sash operate to throw the top and bottom portions, respectively, thereof into their proper position in the plane of the fixed sash.

Each of the movable sash is preferably equipped with va pair of manually adjustable weather stops which kserve 1to Vlock -it tightly in L closed position .pressed'agaln'st'the'blind stop Silandfprovide an additional increment to the 'circuituous path .through'which the vairzmust'travelfrom the outside to the inside Vof the'window. .Such-a weather tstopiis clearlyillustrated in Fig. dat 64. It lcomprisesastrip of wood, of the `same .thicknesses theparting stop 32, attached by at least two fas- `tenings or screws 65'to the inner face of a side rail '.of `the movable sash but slidable laterally .thereof byvirtue of slots .65 lthrough which the y.fastening Ameans `pass loosely. `The innerzface of eachtof the weather stops 6d is chamiered near therouter edge asat 6l whereby it may form a tight wedging t and force the side member of the sash outwardly into tight engagement with the 'blind stop, VThese weather stopson the upper rand lowersashes Yare shown in Fig. 2 as being in alignment with the parting stop 32 and above and below the same. When the two weather stops on either sash are pulled inwardly as by means 'of :such knobs as shown at v69, they .are withdrawnfrom their respective slots'i and the .sash .can be moved. When the sash is in the closedpositionthe weather stops arerpressed outwardly and engaged tightly in the grooves 5S and the inclined wedge portions 61 force the sash outwardly against the outer stops 31 to insure against leakage and rattling.

An alternative form of such weather stop is shown in cFig. 6 where the .member Eliis concealed from view in achannel "l0 plowed in the vertical edge of the sash rail. 'In order that this form of weather stop may be actuated, Ait is equipped with a rod 'H projecting out through the face-ofthe sash rail and there equipped with a convenient knob 'l2 serving both to actuate the `weather stop and as a handle for the sash. This-rod when moved laterally travels in an elongated Aslot I3 in the sash rail. Naturally the vgroove .63 with which this stop cooperates is vproperly positioned in respect thereto yin the frame and out of alignment with the parting stop 32. This form of weather stop is substantially invisible and-equally as effective as the other.

The weather-stop shown in Fig. 4 is held in position by round headed screws 65, but in Fig. 7 another arrangement is illustrated wherein the screw 'l5 which is received in the wood ofthe sash has a 'cylindrical 4shank 16 ypassing partially through a slot in the weather stop, and this is provided with 4a flat lister fhead 'il received in the counter slot 'I8 in the weather stop so it is always entirely below `the outer surface of the same.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 8, 1the construction is not substantially diiferent .from the earlier described embodiments, but the locking pins such as shown in Fig. 5 :are no longer made use of to hold the lower-sash in any of the adjusted ventilator positions. This function is takenover .by the weather stop strips 164, which it will be remembered, Aare laterally slidable to engage in the grooves 68, such as shown in Fig. 9, in vertical alignment with the parting Astop 32. Asshown in'this same ligure, inclined grooves 68' and 68 radiate from the junction of the groove A3l with the sill to permit vtilting of the bottom sash to several'ventilator positions, making use of the weather stops t0 engage these inclined slots for holding the sash in place.

In Figs. 10 to .13, inclusive, is illustrated a further embodiment in which the weather stops are equipped with pins or dowels which serve to hold -thefsash in `any of the positions to which -it 4can 7 be moved. The top sash, which is not illustrated in these figures, may be similarly equipped. As shown, the bottom sash is provided with slidable weather stop strips 80 mounted in one of the manners already described, and each of these strips is provided at its Iouter edge with one or more wooden dowels, pegs or metal pins 8|. The slot 82 into which the weather stop moves for holding the sash in closed position, has its bottom wall extended at 83 to loosely house these pins, which in this position of the sash either have no function or merely augment the weather stop for holding the sash tightly closed. When the sash is to be lifted to a position such as shown in Fig. 10, these pins 8| are adapted for cooperation with any of a plurality of holes 85 appropriately positioned in the face of the side member of the frame. No cooperating slot is necessary to assist the weather stop in positioning the window in its open positions,

In Fig. 10 the inside stop 36 is shown cut away in the manner illustrated in Fig. 2 to permit the bottom sash to be tilted to ventilator positions. For the purpose of holding the same in adjusted ventilator position appropriate arcuate series of holes 86 are provided in the frame much in the manner of the holes B0 illustrated in Fig. 2. It will be appreciated that any of the types of weather stops illustrated can be equipped with auxiliary adjusting pins for the purpose of eliminating the separate locking pins, as shown at 55. By combining the locking pins with the weather stops the operation of the movable sash is much simplied since by merely grasping the knobs 69 used for moving the weather stops the same can be released so that the sash can be moved and these knobs can then be pressed outwardly to engage the pins with the appropriate holes in the frame for fastening the sash in either the lifted or the ventilator positions. It will be appreciated that while in connection with `the earlier embodiments metal transom pins have been illustrated for holding the sash in place, that these can be replaced by suitable hard wood dowels, thereby eliminating additional metal from the construction. The only metal remaining in such a window would be the screws or rods for positioning or moving the weather stops and the few nails necessary for assembling the frame and its associated parts. It is believed that by the judicious use of weather proof glue even these fastenings can be eliminated.

It will be seen that a very satisfactory solution of the problem of providing simplied windows has been made in the several embodiments illus-- trated.

I claim:

1. In a window of the type described, in combination, a plank frame having a sill, an outside or blind stop, a center sash one-half the height of the frame and engaging said stop, top :and bottom sash -against the said stop each of onequater frame height and receiving support respectively from the center sash and the sill, a parting stop at the top and behind the center sash only, each of the small sash having a bottom rail contoured to lit the support beneath to provide a water and wind stop, that of the .lower sash being constructed t0 remain tight when the said sash is tilted inwardly at the top through a substantial angle to act as a ventilator and single means to hold the lower sashin adjusted ventilator positions and in adjusted overlapping relation to the center sash.

2. In a window of the type described, in combination, a plank frame having a sill, an outside or blind stop, a center sash one-half the height 0f the frame and engaging said stop, top and bottom sash against the said stop each of one-quarter frame height and receiving support respectively from the centersash and the sill, a parting stop at the top and behind the center sash only, each of the small sash having a bottom rail contoured to fit the support beneath and to provide a water and wind stop, that of the lower sash being constructed to remain tight when the said sash is tilted inwardly at the top through a substantial angle to act as a ventilator, and means to hold the lower sash in adjusted ventilator positions, said last mentioned means including laterally movable weather stops on the lower sash.

3. In a window of thetype described, in combination, a plank frame having a sill, an outside or blind stop, a center sash one-half the height of the frame and engaging said stop, top and bottom sash against the said stop each of onequarter frame height and receiving support respectively from the center sash and the sill, a parting stop at the top and behind the center sash only, each of the small sash having a bottom rail contoured to lit the support beneath and to provide a water and wind stop, that of the lower sash being constructed to remain tight when the said sash is tilted inwardly at the top through a substantial angle to act as a ventilator, means to hold the lower sash in adjusted ventilator positions, and means to hold each of the small sash in adjusted overlapping relation to the center sash, said last mentioned means comprising laterr ally movable weather stops engaged with the frame members.

4. In a window of the type described, in combination, a plank frame, an outside or blind stop, a center sash one-half the height of the frame opening and engaging said stop, a parting stop behind the center sash, a bottom sash iitting against the blind stop when closed and having a water and wind tight connection with the center sash and withrthe bottom member of the frame, the latter connection forming a hinge for the lower sash when tilted inwardly at the top to act as a ventilator, means to secure the lower sash in adjusted overlapping relation to the middle sash and in engagement with said parting stop, a top sash fitting against the blind stop when closed and having a water and wind tight connection with the middle sash, and means to secure the top sash in adjusted overlapping relation to the middle sash and in engagement with sai-d parting stop, said securing means for the top and lower sashes including laterally movable weather stops thereon.

5. In a window of the type described, in com;

bination, a frame having an outside stop, a half height sash in the middle of said frame against said stop and backed by a parting stop, top and bottom quarter height sash against said outside stop and adapted for sliding inside of the parting stop, an inside stop to guide said movable sash, said inside stop being absent adjacent the upper portion of the lower sash whereby the same may be tilted inwardly to act as a ventilator, the side rails of the lower sash each being tted with a laterally slidable weather stop strip, the frame having cooperating grooves to receive said strips when the sash is closed to lock and weatherproof the same.

6. In a window of the type described, in combination, a frame having an outside stop, a half height sash in the middle of said frame against said stop and backed by a parting stop, top and bottom quarter height sash against said outside stop and adapted for sliding inside of the parting stop, an inside stop to guide said movable sash, said inside stop being absent adjacent the upper portion of the lower sash whereby the same may Abe tilted inwardly to act as a Ventilator, the side rails of the lower sash each being fitted with a laterally slidable weather stop strip, the frame having cooperating grooves to receive said strips when the sash is closed to lock and weatherproof the same, means to manually withdraw said strips and inclined grooves to receive said strips when the sash is tilted to retain it in position.

7. In a window of the type described, in combination, a plank frame, a blind stop, a center sash oi at least one-half frame height engaging said blind stop, top and bottom sash engaging said stop when closed and each of not more than onequarter frame height, the top sash being of the jump type, means to hold the top sash in adjusted overlapping relation to the center sash, the bottom sash being adapted to tilt inwardly at the top or to be raised in overlapping relation to the center sash, a concealed wind and weather stop between the frame sill and the bottom rail of the bottom sash, said last mentioned stop acting as a hinge when the sash is tilted, and single means for holding said bottom sash in any adjusted tilted or raised position.

8. In a Window structure, a plank frame, a blind stop on said frame, a jump sash adapted when closed to abut said stop, laterally movable weather stop strips on said sash, grooves in said frame to receive said strips when the sash is closed, manual means to withdraw or extend said strips, a pin projecting outwardly from the outer edge of each strip and a series oi holes in the frame side members to receive the said pins to hold the sash in adjusted open positions.

9. In a window structure, a plank frame, a blind stop `on said frame, a jump sash adapted when closed to abut said stop, said sash being arranged to be drawn inwardly for sliding adjustment in a plane parallel to its closed plane, each side bar of said sash having a cooperating, laterally slidable Weather stop strip, the side frame members being grooved to receive the edges of said strips when extended with the sash in closed position, each of said strips having a laterally extending pin, and each frame side member having a plurality of holes to selectively receive a pin to hold the sash in an adjusted sliding position.

10. A window as claimed in claim 9 in which the sash can also be tilted to act as a Ventilator,

and additional holes to receive said pins to hold the sash in adjusted ventilator positions.

ROGER W. EISINGER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent: 

